Stormwater management: control and re-use of rainwater runoff

Irrigation: Controlled water distribution for plants

Supplemental water storage: Extra water stored for later use.

A “hardscape” refers to a sturdy, built environment structures that are incorporated into a landscape.

These include paved areas, driveways, retaining walls, sleeper walls, stairs, walkways, and any other landscaping made up of hard wearing materials such as wood, stone, and concrete.

The antonym is a “softscape,” the horticultural elements of a landscape.

“Restoration” balances a mosaic of interdependent land uses. Think protected forest areas, ecological corridors, regenerative forests, and other natural ecosystems balanced with agroforestry systems, agriculture, fallow systems, well-managed plantations, or riparian strips — to meet a variety of human needs.